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2¡¢ ¡°there are precious few, if indeed any , First Amendment claims that have reached the Court whose vindication would have seriously imperiled the republic or anything else.¡± (Ò³110)
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1¡¢ ¡°The remainder of this chapter will comprise three arguments in favor of a participation-oriented, representation-reinforcing approach to judicial review.¡± (Ò³ 88)
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2¡¢ ¡°In United States v. Robel, decided at the height of the Court¡¯s infatuation with ¡®overbreadth¡¯ analysis, Chief Justice Warren suggested for the majority that such analysis do not concern itself with the strength of the government ¡¯s interest at all, but involves instead an almost mechanical pruning of superfluous restraints: ¡®It has been suggested this case should be decided by ¡®balancing¡¯ the governmental interest, expressed in (the statute) against the First Amendment rights asserted the appellee, this we decline to do¡­We have ruled only that the Constitution requires that the conflict between congressional power and individual rights be accommodated by legislation drawn more narrowly to avoid the conflict.¡± (Ò³ 107)
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1 ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÒ»µãÊÇ£¬Ely²¢·Ç³ÌÐòÖ÷Òå˾·¨Éó²éÀíÂÛµÄʼ×÷Ù¸Õߣ¬¶øÊǸÃÀíÂ۵ļ¯´ó³ÉÕß¡£ÔÚ¡¶ÃñÖ÷Óë²»ÐÅÈΡ··¢±í֮ǰÓë¸ÃÀíÂÛÓйصĴú±íÐÔרÖø»òÎÄÕÂÓÐL. Lusky, By What Right?(1975); Ball, ¡°Judicial Protection of Powerless Minorities¡±, 59 Iowa L. Rev. 1059 (1974); Black, ¡° The Unfinished Business of the Warren Court, 1975 Term-Forward: In Defense of the Antidiscrimination Principle¡±, 90 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 6-12 (1976); Fiss, ¡°Groups and the Equal Protection Clause¡±, in Equality and Preferential Treatment 85, 130 (M. Cohen, T. Nagel & T. Scanlon eds. 1977); Karst, ¡°The Supreme Court, 1976 Term-Foreword: Equal Citizenship Under the Fourteenth Amendment¡±, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 8-10, 24-26 (1977); Tribe, Structural Due Process, 10 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 269 (1975); Note, ¡°Mental Illness: A Suspect Classification?¡±, 83 Yale L. J. 1237 (1974)¡£Ò»°ãÐÔµÄÂÛÊö»¹¿ÉÒԲμûRostow, ¡°The Democratic Character of Judicial Review¡±, 66 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (1952) ¡£×ªÒý×ÔLaurence H. Tribe, ¡°The Puzzling Persistence of Process-based Constitutional Theories,¡± 89 Yale L. J. 1063 (1980), note 3.
2Bruce Ackerman, ¡°Constitutional Politics/Constitutional Law,¡± 99 Yale L. J. 453 (1989)¡£ÓйØBruce Ackerman³£¹æÁ¢·¨ºÍÏÜ·¨Öƶ¨µÄ¡°¶þÔªÖ÷ÒåÀíÂÛ¡±µÄ¸üÍêÕûµÄ̸ÂÛ£¬¿ÉÒԲμû Bruce Ackerman, We, the People: Foundations (Vol. 1) ÒÔ¼° We the People: Transformations (Vol. 2), Harvard University Press¡£¶ÔAckermanÕâÖÖ¶þÔªÂÛµÄÅúÆÀ£¬¿ÉÒԲμûWang Qinghua, Philadelphia Convention and Popular Sovereignty: A theory of Legitimacy¡£ £¨¹þ·ð·¨Ñ§ÔºË¶Ê¿Ñ§Î»ÂÛÎÄ£¬2003£©¡£
3 ¿¼Âǵ½ÔÚÖƶ¨ÏÜ·¨µÄʱºò£¬ºÚÈË¡¢¸¾Å®¡¢²Æ²úÓÐÏ޵İ×È˶¼ÊÇûÓÐÑ¡¾ÙȨµÄ£¬ÏÜ·¨ÌåÏֵĸü¶àµÄÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûÊDz»ÍêÈ«ÊÇ£¬°×ÖÖÓвúÄÐÈ˵ÄÀûÒæ¡£´ÓÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåµÄ¹ÛµãÇÐÈëµÄ¶ÔÃÀ¹úÏÜ·¨µÄ×î¼Ñ½â¶Á£¬ÈÔÈ»ÊÇCharles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of The United States, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936.
4 Laurence Tribe, American Constitutional Law, Vol. 1, 3rd, p.4, Foundation Press.
5 Laurence Tribe & Michal Dorf, On Reading the Constitutional Law, Harvard University Press, pp. 24-30.¡£¶ÔElyÕâÖÖÒÔ³ÌÐòΪ»ù´¡µÄ˾·¨Éó²éÀíÂÛµÄÅúÆÀ£¬»¹¿ÉÒԲμû Laurence H. Tribe, ¡°The Puzzling Persistence of Process-based Constitutional Theories,¡± 89 Yale L. J. 1063 (1980)¡£
6 ÕâÖÖÑÔÂÛ×ÔÓÉ´Ù½øÃñÖ÷ÖƶȵÄ×îÓÐÁ¦ÂÛÊö£¬¿ÉÒԲμû£¬Alexander Meiklejohn, Political Freedom, Harper & Brothers, 1960¡£¹ØÓÚÑÔÂÛ×ÔÓɵÄÆäËûµÄÒ»°ãÐÔÀíÂÛÓУ¬ÒÔÄÂÀպͿÆ˹Ϊ´ú±íµÄ¡°Êг¡ÀíÂÛ¡±£¬¾ßÌåÂÛÊö²Î¼ûJohn Stuart Mill, On Liberty£» R. H. Coase, ¡°The Market for Goods and the Market or Ideas¡± 64 American Economic Review, 384-86, 389-90 (1974)£¬ÒÔDavid Strauss Ϊ´ú±íµÄ¡°Ëµ·þÀíÂÛ¡±£¬ ²Î¼û ¡°Persuasion, Autonomy and Freedom of Expression¡±, 91 Colum. L. Rev.334-371(1991)£¬ÒÔCatharine A., MackinnonΪ´ú±íµÄ¡°Å®È¨Ö÷ÒåÀíÂÛ¡±£¬²Î¼û Catharine A. Mackinnon, Only Words, Harvard University Press, 2000ÒÔ¼°Ð¿µµÂѧÅɵġ°¸öÈË×ÔÖÎÀíÂÛ¡£¡±²Î¼ûCharles Fried, Saying What the Law Is: The Constitution in the Supreme Court, Harvard University Press, 2004.
7 Kathleen M. Sullivan and Gerald Gunther, Constitutional law, 14th edition, Foundation Press, 2001, pp. 1288-89.

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